Investing

One small-cap stock that has drawn investor attention early on Wednesday, May 14, is HBL Engineering. Shares of the battery and railway safety solutions provider rose 5% in early trade, touching a high of ₹531.50 apiece on the BSE. The rally follows a significant regulatory milestone: approval for Version 4.0 of its Kavach System, a key safety mechanism for Indian Railways. (Source: LiveMint)

In a Tuesday filing to the stock exchanges, the company stated: “HBL received approval from the Research Designs and Standards Organization (RDSO) for Version 4.0 of the Kavach System. HBL is the first company to receive this approval.”

This approval reaffirms HBL’s leadership in the Automatic Train Protection (ATP) segment and enables the company to commence deliveries for an accumulated order book of ₹3,763.83 crore related to Kavach. The company expects to fulfil these deliveries within 24 months. This is a critical step in the company’s ongoing efforts to capitalise on the Indian government’s push for safer, more efficient railways. (Source: LiveMint)

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Source: Tradingview

What is Kavach?

Kavach, known as the Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) or IRATPS, is India’s indigenous Automatic Train Protection system. Launched in 2020, the system uses GPS and RF communication to detect potential collisions and can automatically apply brakes if the loco pilot fails to respond. In addition to collision prevention, Kavach systems ensure speed regulation, signal compliance, and loco-to-loco communication, making it a holistic safety mechanism. It is a key component in modernising India’s railway safety infrastructure and is expected to be deployed across over 44,000 kilometres of railway lines by 2030.

Recent Order Wins: A Snapshot

HBL Engineering has recently secured multiple significant contracts, reflecting the company’s strong position in the sector:

May 2025

  • Western Railway: Kavach deployment across 48 stations (428 km)
  • Order Value: ₹145.83 crore (inclusive of 18% GST)

April 2025

  • Five Letters of Acceptance for implementation across 413 stations (3,900 km)
  • Order Value: ₹762.56 crore
  • Completion Timeline: 18 months

March 2025

  • HBL-Shivakriti Consortium:
  • ₹500 crore from Western and North Central Railway
  • ₹148.44 crore from the Bhopal Division

December 2024

  • Chittaranjan Locomotive Works Order:
  • Value: ₹1,522.40 crore

These order wins underscore the growing reliance on HBL for large-scale railway safety projects, especially as the Indian government prioritises infrastructure development and train safety. The consistent inflow of such high-value contracts illustrates a healthy demand pipeline, operational credibility, and favourable public sector engagement. (Source: LiveMint)

A Multibagger in the Making

NameCMP Rs.Mar Cap Rs.Cr.P/EDebt / Eq3Yrs return %ROCE %Debt To ProfitROE %Sales Rs.Cr.EV / EBITDAProfit Var 3 Yrs%
HBL Engineering55915495.1746.990.0593.135.940.2327.732101.7232.67160.11
Source: Screener (14-05-2025)

Despite trading 33% below its all-time high of ₹739.65 (reached in December 2024), HBL Engineering remains a standout performer in the small-cap space. Long-term investors have been well rewarded, with exponential wealth creation.

Annual Returns:

  • CY2020: +160%
  • CY2021: +53%
  • CY2022: +67%
  • CY2023: +312%
  • CY2024 (Year to Date): +43%

Over the past three years, the stock has delivered a cumulative return of 741%, and 441% over the last two years. Strong fundamentals, consistent order inflows, and operational excellence support these gains. It is worth noting that the rally is not solely sentiment-driven but backed by recurring business wins and technology edge. (Source: LiveMint)

Why Should You Watch HBL Engineering?

  • Monopoly Advantage: First company approved for Kavach Version 4.0, giving it a head-start over competitors in securing future orders.
  • Strong Order Book: Over ₹3,700 crore in Kavach-related projects signals business continuity and earnings visibility over the next two years.
  • Sector Tailwinds: Aligned with India’s infrastructure and rail safety mission. The government’s aggressive investment in railway safety and automation is expected to remain a long-term growth driver.
  • Technological Edge: Indigenous ATP solutions and consistent regulatory clearances highlight the company’s R&D capabilities.
  • Multibagger Potential: Proven track record of delivering high returns driven by robust execution and strategic positioning in a niche segment.

With the Indian government aiming to deploy Kavach across 44,000+ route kilometres by 2030 and the growing emphasis on indigenously developed safety systems, HBL Engineering is well-positioned for sustained, long-term growth. Its technology-centric approach, first-mover advantage, and demonstrated ability to execute large-scale projects distinguish it within the competitive small-cap landscape. (Source: LiveMint)

Conclusion

While short-term volatility can affect stock performance, HBL Engineering is a promising long-term candidate in the railway safety and technology space. Its first-mover advantage in Kavach Version 4.0, strong order pipeline, and consistent execution make it a compelling story for investors focused on infrastructure themes.

As always, investors are advised to assess risk and consult with financial advisors before making investment decisions, particularly in the small-cap segment where price movements can be more pronounced.

FAQs

  1. What is HBL Engineering’s primary business focus? 

    HBL Engineering primarily operates in the battery and railway safety solutions segment. Its work in the Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system has gained prominence, particularly through its indigenous Kavach system.

  2. What is Kavach, and why is it significant? 

    Kavach, or the Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), is an Indian-developed ATP system designed to prevent train collisions and improve safety. It automates braking and ensures signal compliance, making it critical to modern railway infrastructure.

  3. Why did HBL Engineering’s stock rise on May 14, 2025? 

    The Research Designs and Standards Organization (RDSO) approved Version 4.0 of the company’s Kavach System. It was the first company to receive this approval, triggering investor enthusiasm and a 5% rise in share price.

  4. What are the recent contracts HBL Engineering has secured? 

    In the last few months, HBL Engineering secured contracts worth over ₹3,700 crore from various Indian Railway zones for deploying the Kavach system across thousands of kilometres and hundreds of stations.

  5. How has the company performed in recent years? 

    HBL Engineering has shown exceptional performance, delivering cumulative returns of over 700% in three years. It has been a consistent multibagger with annual gains as high as 312% in CY2023.

Understanding Fixed Deposit Interest and Taxation

A fixed deposit (FD) is one of the safest investment options, offering guaranteed returns. However, the interest earned on these deposits is taxable under the Income Tax Act. Both general and senior citizens are liable to pay income tax on fixed deposit interest, but the applicable TDS rates and exemption limits vary. 

What is Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) on FD Interest?

Definition of TDS

Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) is a method of collecting income tax at the source of income generation. It requires the payer to deduct a specified tax percentage before making certain payments, such as salary, interest, commission, or rent, and remit it to the government.

In the context of FD interest income tax, TDS in India is the tax deducted by the bank or financial institution before crediting the interest amount to your account. For instance, the bank must deduct TDS at the applicable rate if your FD interest income exceeds a specified threshold.

Applicability of TDS on FD Interest

TDS is not deducted at the time of FD maturity but at the time of interest credit. For instance, if you have a 2-year FD, TDS will be deducted annually when the interest is credited to your account, even if you haven’t received the interest payout yet.

From FY 2025-26, the fixed deposit interest tax exemption limit has been revised to:

  • ₹50,000 for regular depositors
  • ₹1 lakh for senior citizens

For the previous financial year (FY 2024-25), the limits were ₹40,000 for regular depositors and ₹50,000 for senior citizens. So if the interest earned crosses the threshold, the TDS rate will be 10% if the bank has your PAN card number; if it does not, you are taxed at 20%. 

How is TDS Calculated on the Fixed Deposit (FD)?

Step-by-Step Calculation of TDS on FD Interest:

  • Identify the applicable exemption limit:
  • Calculate the total interest earned
  • Determine the TDS rate based on the availability of PAN

So, if a regular citizen earns ₹65,000 as FD interest in a financial year (assuming that the person has given his PAN details), TDS will be calculated as follows:

  • Exemption Limit: ₹50,000
  • Interest Earned: ₹65,000
  • TDS on the excess ₹15,000 (₹65,000 – ₹50,000) @ 10% = ₹1,500

What is the Exemption Limit for TDS Deduction on an FD?

Exemption Limits for Different Income Tax Slabs

The exemption vs deduction concept is important in understanding TDS on FD interest. While an exemption refers to income not subject to tax up to a specific limit, a deduction lets you reduce your taxable income through eligible expenses or investments

If your total taxable income is below the ₹4 lakh threshold (for FY 2025-26), no TDS will be deducted on your FD interest, regardless of the interest amount. However, to claim this exemption, you must submit Form 15G (for regular citizens) or Form 15H (for senior citizens) to the bank. 

What is TDS on FD Interest for General and Senior Citizens?

TDS Rates for General Citizens FY 2026

  • 10% TDS on FD interest exceeding ₹50,000 in a financial year.
  • 20% TDS if PAN is not submitted.

TDS Rates for Senior Citizens

  • 10% TDS on FD interest exceeding ₹1,00,000 in a financial year.
  • 20% TDS if PAN is not provided.

How to Avail TDS Waiver on an FD?

If your income falls below the taxable limit, you can avoid TDS deduction on your FD interest by submitting Form 15G or 15H to the bank.

Submitting Form 15G/15H

Form 15G and Form 15H are self-declaration forms that allow you to claim your FD interest income without TDS deduction.

  • Form 15G: Applicable for individuals below 60 years.
  • Form 15H: Applicable for senior citizens aged 60 years and above.

Both forms must be submitted at the start of each financial year to ensure that TDS is not deducted.

Eligibility Criteria for Form 15G/15H:

Eligibility depends on the income limits, which vary based on the tax regime and age group:

Age GroupFormIncome Limit (Old Regime)Income Limit (New Regime – FY 2025-26)
Below 60 years15G₹2.5 lakhs₹4 lakhs
60 to less than 80 years15H₹3 lakhs₹4 lakhs
80 years or above15H₹5 lakhs₹4 lakhs

Procedure for Submitting Form 15G/15H:

  • Obtain Form 15G or 15H from the bank or download it from the Income Tax Department’s website.
  • Fill in your name, PAN, age, financial year, estimated income, and interest income amount.
  • Attach a copy of your PAN card along with the form.
  • Submit the completed form to the bank, offline or online, at the start of the financial year.
  • Collect an acknowledgment from the bank as proof of submission.

What is the Purpose of Form 15G and Form 15H?

Detailed Explanation of Form 15G and Form 15H:

Form 15G and Form 15H are self-declaration forms that help eligible individuals avoid TDS deduction on interest income if their total taxable income, including interest from fixed deposits, is below the basic exemption limit. A valid PAN must be provided when filing these forms.

  • Form 15G: Applicable for individuals below 60 years, HUFs, and trusts whose total income, including FD interest and other earnings like tax on mutual funds, is below the basic exemption limit.
  • Form 15H: Specifically for senior citizens aged 60 years or more. Even if the interest income exceeds the exemption limit, they can still file Form 15H if their total income remains below the applicable exemption limit.

Both forms can only be filed by resident taxpayers and not by NRIs. Some banks allow online submission of these forms through their official portals, simplifying the process for depositors.

How is Tax and TDS on FD Interest Levied?

Tax Implications at Maturity vs. Periodic Interest Payments

Tax implications regarding fixed deposits arise during the FD tenure and at maturity.

  • Periodic Interest Payments: If you choose to receive interest payments periodically (monthly, quarterly, or annually), TDS is deducted at the time of each payment. For instance, if you receive quarterly interest on your FD, TDS will be deducted each quarter when the interest is credited to your account.
  • At Maturity: If you opt for interest payment at maturity, TDS will be deducted at the end of the financial year when the interest is credited to your account, even if the FD has not matured. This deduction ensures that TDS liability is not deferred until the final payout.

Regardless of the interest payout option, the tax liability is calculated annually. The applicable TDS rates.

Understanding TDS on Fixed Deposit Interest

Comprehensive Explanation of TDS on FD Interest:

When crediting interest to the depositor’s account, TDS on FD interest is a tax deducted by financial institutions, including banks and NBFCs. The TDS rates vary based on the depositor’s PAN status, age, and the type of FD.

  • Bank FDs: If the interest income of regular depositors exceeds ₹40,000 in a financial year or ₹50,000 for senior citizens, TDS is deducted at 10% (with PAN) or 20% (without PAN).
  • NBFC FDs: The TDS threshold for NBFCs is ₹5,000. If the interest income exceeds this limit, TDS is deducted at 10% (with PAN) or 20% (without PAN).
  • Joint FDs: In the case of joint FDs, the primary account holder is responsible for TDS deductions, regardless of the contributions by other holders.
  • NRI FDs: TDS is deducted at 30% on interest income for NRO accounts, while NRE and FCNR deposits are tax-free.

How to Calculate FD Interest Tax on Interest Income?

Manual Calculation Method:

  1. Calculate the total FD interest earned during the financial year.
  2. Check if the interest exceeds the exemption limit (₹50,000/₹1,00,000).
  3. Calculate TDS @ 10% on the excess amount.

Using Tax Calculators:

Online tax calculators can help you estimate the TDS amount on FD interest based on your financial details and applicable tax slab. You need to enter:

  • Interest Earned
  • Investment Amount
  • Tenure
  • Tax Slab
  • Age
  • PAN Status
  • TDS Exemption Claims

When is Tax on Interest Income Payable?

Tax Payment Deadlines and Penalties for Late Payment:

The bank or financial institution holding the Fixed Deposit deducts the TDS on interest income and deposits it with the government.

Due Date for Deposit of TDS by Collectors:

  • By the 7th of the following month after TDS deduction.
  • For March: By April 30 for non-government deductors and March 31 for specific government deductors.

TDS Return Filing Due Dates:

  • Q1 (April–June): By July 31
  • Q2 (July–September): By October 31
  • Q3 (October–December): By January 31
  • Q4 (January–March): By May 31

Penalties for Late Payment:

  • Section 234B: 1% monthly interest on unpaid tax if the advance tax is less than 90% of total liability.
  • Section 234C: 1% interest per month for delayed installments of advance tax.
  • Section 234F: Late filing fee of up to ₹5,000, increasing to ₹10,000 if filed after December 31.

How to Ensure Zero TDS Deduction by the Bank?

Strategies to Avoid TDS Deduction:

  • Submit Form 15G/15H:

If your annual income is below the tax threshold limit, submit Form 15G (for individuals below 60 years) or Form 15H (for senior citizens) to the bank.

  • Invest in Family Members’ Names:

Distribute FD investments among family members like spouses or parents, as TDS is deducted based on individual income.

  • Open FDs in Multiple Banks:

Spread your investments across different banks or NBFCs to stay within the TDS exemption limit for each institution.

FD Interest Tax for Senior Citizens

Tax Benefits and Concessions for Senior Citizens

  • Higher TDS Exemption Limit: Senior citizens can claim TDS exemption on FD interest income up to ₹1 lakh for FY 2025-26.
  • Section 80TTB Benefit: Under the old tax regime, senior citizens can claim a deduction of up to ₹50,000 on interest income from FDs under Section 80TTB. This deduction is only available to those opting for the old tax regime.
  • Form 15H Submission: If the total income is below the taxable limit, senior citizens can submit Form 15H to avoid TDS deduction on FD interest.

Taxation on Fixed Deposits for Non-Resident Indians (NRIs)

Tax Implications for NRE and FCNR Accounts

Interest earned on NRO (Non-Resident Ordinary) fixed deposits is fully taxable in India at the applicable tax rate for NRIs.

  • Tax-Free Interest on NRE and FCNR Accounts: Interest on NRE (Non-Resident External) and FCNR (Foreign Currency Non-Resident) accounts is exempt from tax in India, making these accounts an attractive option for NRIs.
  • TDS Rate for NRIs: NRIs are subject to a Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) of 30% on the interest income from fixed deposits, regardless of the type of account.

Final Thoughts

Key Takeaways and Recommendations

Interest earned on fixed deposits is taxable and subject to TDS. The TDS rates and exemption limits differ for regular and senior citizens. To minimize tax liability, investors must understand the applicable tax rates, deduction limits, and submission of forms like 15G/15H. Additionally, consider how FD interest income compares with other investment options like mutual funds to optimize tax savings.

For investors seeking to maximize their returns, exploring stock advisory services can provide valuable insights into asset allocation and tax-saving strategies. Proper planning ensures that your investments yield better post-tax returns without falling into the higher tax bracket.

FAQs

  1. How is TDS on fixed deposit interest calculated?

    TDS is calculated at 10% on interest exceeding ₹40,000 (₹50,000 for senior citizens).

  2. Can I avoid TDS on fixed deposit interest?

    Yes, you can submit Form 15G or 15H, provided your income is below the taxable limit.

  3. Is interest income from recurring deposits taxable?

    Yes, interest earned from recurring deposits is also taxable like FD interest.

  4. What happens if I don’t report my interest income?

    Unreported interest income may attract penalties and interest on unpaid tax.

  5. Can I change my FD investment amount to avoid TDS?

    You can distribute investments across banks to keep the interest below the TDS limit.

  6. Is there any tax exemption for senior citizens on FD interest?

    Yes, under the old tax regime, senior citizens could claim a deduction of up to ₹50,000 under Section 80TTB.

  7. How can I calculate my total income, including FD interest?

    Add the interest earned to your other income sources and apply the applicable tax slab.

  8. Can I claim a refund for the excess TDS deducted on FD interest?

    Yes, by filing your income tax return and deducting the TDS amount.

What is Cess?

Definition and Purpose

Cess is a term you often encounter while learning about the income tax concepts. It is an additional tax levied by the government to fund specific initiatives. Though a minor component of your overall tax liability, understanding how cess works can provide better clarity on your financial obligations.

Cess is a tax the government imposes for specific purposes, such as healthcare, education, or environmental initiatives. Unlike other taxes that contribute to the consolidated fund of India, the cess on income tax is earmarked for specific causes. The funds collected through cess are not shared with states and are used solely for the intended purpose.

Historical Context of Cess in India

The concept of cess has existed since the British era. It began with a levy on matches during the British era, and post-independence, it focused on industry-specific development, such as the Salt Cess and Tea Cess in 1953. 

Later, it shifted to labour welfare with the Iron Ore Mines Labour Welfare Cess (1961), Limestone and Dolomite Mines Labour Welfare Cess (1972), and Cine Workers Welfare Cess (1981). Over time, the government has introduced various cesses to support broader initiatives like the Swachh Bharat Cess, which funds cleanliness and sanitation programs.

Types of Cess Levied in India

Health and Education Cess

The Health and Education Cess is a 4% income tax and surcharge levied on health and education. It was introduced to fund healthcare and educational initiatives nationwide, replacing the previous Education Cess and Secondary and Higher Education Cess.

Other Cesses (e.g., Krishi Kalyan Cess, Clean Energy Cess)

Apart from the Health and Education Cess, other cesses have been levied in the past, including:

  • Krishi Kalyan Cess: A 0.5% cess on all taxable services to improve agriculture.
  • Clean Energy Cess: Levied on coal, lignite, and peat to promote clean energy initiatives.
  • Swachh Bharat Cess: Imposed at 0.5% to fund the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
  • Road and Infrastructure Cess: Rs. 1.50 per litre on petrol and high-speed diesel to fund road development projects.
  • GST Compensation Cess: Levied on specific goods to compensate states for GST revenue loss.
  • Construction Workers Welfare Cess: 1% of the construction cost, paid by employers under the BOCWW Cess Act, 1996.
  • National Calamity Contingent Duty (NCCD): Imposed on cigarettes, chewing tobacco, and pan masala; increased by 16% on specific cigarettes in Budget 2023.

Cess on Income Tax: A Detailed Explanation

How Cess is Calculated

Cess is calculated as a percentage of the total income tax liability, including any applicable surcharge. The Health and Education Cess is currently applied at 4% on the income tax plus surcharge. For instance, if your income tax liability is Rs. 50,000 and a surcharge of Rs. 10,000 applies, the income tax cess calculation will be 4% of Rs. 60,000, i.e., Rs. 2,400.

Cess Rate and Its Application

The current cess rate applicable on income tax is 4%. This rate is uniform for all taxpayers, irrespective of their income slab and the chosen tax regime (old or new). The cess is added to the income tax liability, increasing the overall tax outflow.

Inclusion of Cess in Taxable Income

Cess is not included in the calculation of taxable income. Instead, it is calculated on the tax liability after applying applicable deductions, exemptions, and surcharges. Say your tax liability as per the income slab comes to Rs. 1,40,000, and the applicable deductions amount to Rs. 30,000. The cess will be calculated on Rs. 1,10,000 (140000 – 30000 deduction). This ensures that cess is a separate component of the overall tax liability.

Impact of Cess on Overall Tax Liability

While the rate of cess on income tax may seem minimal, it can significantly impact the overall tax liability, especially for high-income earners. Since the cess is calculated on the income tax and surcharge, the final tax outflow increases, affecting the taxpayer’s financial planning. Thus, understanding cess as a part of the income tax basics becomes important.

Who Pays Cess on Income Tax?

Eligibility Criteria

Every taxpayer, including individuals, HUFs, firms, companies, and NRIs, must pay cess on their income tax. The rate is uniform for all taxpayers, regardless of their income slab. 

Taxpayers Subject to Cess

Cess applies to:

  • Salaried individuals earn income from salary, investments, and other sources.
  • Businesses and corporations liable to pay income tax.
  • Non-resident Indians (NRIs) earning taxable income in India.

Exemptions and Deductions Related to Cess

There are no specific exemptions or deductions available for cess. It is calculated as a percentage of the total tax liability and must be paid in full. However, individuals in the old and new tax regimes can claim certain deductions that reduce their overall taxable income, thereby indirectly reducing the cess amount.

Different Tax Regimes and Cess

New Tax Regime and Cess Calculation

Under the new tax regime, cess is calculated at 4% on the income tax payable after considering the applicable tax rates and slabs. Deductions under sections like 80C and 80D are not available, but the cess rate remains the same.

Old Tax Regime and Cess Calculation

In the old tax regime, the calculation and rate of cess on income tax remain the same, but the taxpayer can claim deductions under various sections, including 80C, 80D, and 80G, which can reduce the taxable income and, consequently, the cess amount.

Comparison of Cess under Both Regimes

While the cess rate of 4% remains the same in both regimes, the old regime provides opportunities to reduce taxable income through deductions. The new regime, though simpler, offers no such deductions, leading to a potentially higher taxable income and, therefore, a higher cess amount. Thus, understanding how cess affects your overall tax liability is crucial when determining what is income tax and how it is calculated under different regimes. 

Surcharge vs. Cess

Defining Surcharge

A surcharge is an additional charge levied on the income tax of high-income earners. It is calculated as a percentage of the income tax based on specific income slabs and is intended to target high-income taxpayers.

Differences Between Surcharge and Cess

  • Purpose: A surcharge is imposed to generate additional revenue from high-income taxpayers, whereas a cess is levied for specific purposes like education, health, or infrastructure development.
  • Applicability: The surcharge applies only to high-income individuals and corporations (e.g., individuals earning over Rs. 1 crore pay a 10% surcharge), while the cess is charged to all taxpayers, regardless of income level.
  • Rate Structure: Surcharge rates are progressive, with higher rates for higher income brackets. Conversely, Cess is charged at a fixed rate, such as the 4% Health and Education Cess.
  • Calculation: The surcharge is calculated based on the income tax amount. The cess is calculated based on the total of income tax and surcharge amount.

Combined Impact of Surcharge and Cess

Both surcharge and cess increase the overall tax liability. High-income earners face a double impact as both surcharge and cess are calculated on their tax liability. For instance, if a taxpayer falls under the 30% tax slab and a 10% surcharge applies, the cess is calculated on the combined tax and surcharge amount.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

  1. What is the current rate of Health and Education Cess?

    The current rate of Health and Education Cess is 4% of the income tax, including any surcharge.

  2. How is Cess different from other taxes?

    Cess on income tax is collected for targeted purposes like education and healthcare, whereas other taxes fund general government expenses. To understand how cess affects your tax liability, consider consulting a tax expert or investment advisor services.

  3. Are there any specific exemptions from paying Cess?

    No specific exemptions are available for the income tax cess. It is calculated based on the tax liability after accounting for all other deductions and exemptions.

  4. Where can I find more information about Cess?

    More information about cess can be found on the official Income Tax Department website or through the income tax calculator available on the e-filing portal.

  5. What are the implications of non-payment of Cess?

    Non-payment of cess is treated as non-payment of income tax, attracting interest, penalties, and possible legal action under the Income Tax Act.

Introduction:

In the world of technical analysis, traders rely on patterns to predict potential price movements. The Head and Shoulders chart pattern is one of the most reliable and widely recognized. This pattern is known for signalling a trend reversal, and when interpreted correctly, it offers traders a strategic edge in identifying possible market turning points.


The chart Head and Shoulders pattern takes its name from its shape. It resembles a human figure, with a central peak (the “head”) flanked by two lower peaks (the “shoulders”). This formation typically appears after an extended upward trend and indicates that bullish momentum is weakening and a bearish reversal may be on the horizon. Its mirror image, the Inverse Head and Shoulders, suggests the opposite — that a downtrend may soon reverse into an uptrend.

Understanding the Structure of the Head and Shoulders Pattern

To identify a Head and Shoulders pattern in a price chart, traders look for three specific elements. Here’s a look at understanding the elements:

Pattern NameDetails
Left Shoulder (Initial Peak)This is the first significant rise in price, followed by a moderate decline. It indicates a temporary high within an ongoing uptrend, suggesting that buyers are still active, but selling pressure is starting to build. On the chart, this is labelled as the first “Shoulder” on the left.
Head (Highest Peak)Risk management is key. Traders usually place a stop-loss just above the right shoulder to minimize losses if the pattern fails and prices rise again. This level warns that the bearish reversal may have been a false signal.
Right Shoulder (Lower Peak)Following the head’s peak, prices decline and then make one last attempt to rise, but this upward move fails to surpass the height of the head, forming the right shoulder. It often resembles the left shoulder in height and shape, symbolising weakened buying interest and a maturing market top
Neckline (Support Level)Risk management is key. Traders usually place a stop-loss just above the right shoulder to minimize losses if the pattern fails and prices rise again. This level warns that the bearish reversal may have been a false signal.
Breakdown PointThis is when the price decisively breaks below the neckline, confirming the pattern. It typically accompanies a spike in trading volume, indicating strong selling interest. Traders often wait for this moment before entering a short position or exiting a long one.
Target Price CalculationTo estimate how far the price might drop, measure the distance from the top of the head to the neckline, and subtract that from the breakdown point. For example, if the head is at ₹1,200 and the neckline is at ₹1,000, the difference is ₹200. Subtracting ₹200 from the neckline gives a target price of ₹800. This gives traders a practical benchmark to set profit-taking levels.
Stop Loss StrategyRisk management is key. Traders usually place a stop-loss just above the right shoulder, so losses are minimized if the pattern fails and prices rise again. This level warns that the bearish reversal may have been a false signal.

Why Traders Trust the Head and Shoulders Pattern

The Inverse head-and-shoulders pattern signals a potential bullish reversal, indicating a shift from a downtrend to an uptrend. This formation is essentially the opposite of the traditional head-and-shoulders pattern, with its structure resembling an upside-down version of the classic pattern. It consists of three troughs, the middle being the deepest, and is accompanied by two shallower troughs on either side.

The pattern begins with a price decline, which forms the first trough. Following this, the price experiences a rise, creating the first peak. After this upward movement, the price drops again, creating a second, deeper trough representing the pattern’s ” head “. The final phase of the pattern involves the price rising again to form a third, shallower trough, which completes the right shoulder.

The neckline, a crucial part of the pattern, is drawn by connecting the highs of the two peaks formed after the first and second troughs. The pattern is confirmed when the price breaks through this neckline, signalling a reversal from a bearish trend to a bullish one. This breakout is typically accompanied by increased volume, confirming the strength of the trend reversal.

Five Key Reasons Why the Head and Shoulders Pattern Is Considered Reliable

Traders trust the Head and Shoulders pattern for its effectiveness in predicting market reversals. Here are five reasons why it stands out:

  • Indication of Market Exhaustion: The chart pattern Head and Shoulders forms when an uptrend loses momentum. As the right shoulder takes shape, it signals that the bullish trend is weakening and a reversal may be near.
  • Shift in Market Control: The Head and Shoulders chart pattern illustrates a shift from bullish to bearish sentiment. Once the price breaks the neckline, it confirms that sellers have overtaken control, suggesting a downward trend.
  • Breakout Confirmation: When the price breaks below the neckline, it validates the head and shoulders chart pattern, making it a strong entry point for short positions. This confirmed breakout often leads to a significant price drop.
  • Market Psychology at Play: As the price declines after breaking the neckline, many traders who purchased during the upward trend are forced to sell, pushing the price closer to the Head and Shoulders pattern target.
  • Volume and Trend Strength: The volume accompanying the breakout is crucial. A rise in volume when the price breaks the neckline supports the Head and Shoulders pattern as a reliable signal, confirming that the bearish reversal is gaining momentum.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Head and Shoulders Chart Pattern

Here’s a comparison table highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the Head and Shoulders pattern

AdvantageDisadvantages
Clear Entry Point: The Head and Shoulders patterns offer a clear breakout point when the price crosses the neckline, making it easier to enter trades at optimal levels.False Breakouts: The chart Pattern Head and Shoulders can sometimes present false signals, where the price breaks the neckline and reverses, leading to potential losses.
Widely Recognised: Traders commonly use the Head Shoulders Chart pattern, making it a well-understood formation that increases the reliability of its signal when identified correctly.Choppy Market Conditions: In sideways or volatile markets, the Head and Shoulders pattern may not work as effectively, leading to unreliable signals.
Versatility Across Timeframes: The Chart Pattern Head and Shoulders applies to various time frames, allowing short-term and long-term traders to use it effectively.Challenging to Identify: The Head Shoulders Chart Pattern can sometimes be difficult to recognise, particularly during volatile market conditions where price action fluctuates rapidly.
Defined Target Price: The Head and Shoulders pattern target is clearly defined by measuring the distance from the head to the neckline, offering a quantifiable exit strategy.Confirmation Required: Traders must wait for confirmation of the pattern, such as a confirmed breakout, which can result in missed opportunities if the pattern fails to materialise.
Effective Risk Management: Traders often place a stop-loss just above the right shoulder in the Head and Shoulders patterns, helping to manage risk in case the pattern fails.Effective Risk Management: Traders often place a stop-loss just above the right shoulder in the Head and Shoulders patterns, helping to manage risk if the pattern fails.

In conclusion, the Head and Shoulders pattern is valuable for traders, signalling a potential trend reversal from bullish to bearish. By recognizing this chart pattern, traders can identify entry and exit points with a clear Head and Shoulders pattern target. However, waiting for confirmation and managing risk carefully is essential, as false breakouts can occur. When used correctly, this pattern offers a structured trading and risk management approach.

FAQs

  1. What is the Head and Shoulders pattern?

    The Head and Shoulders pattern is a technical analysis chart formation that signals a potential trend reversal. It consists of three peaks: the left shoulder, the head, and the right shoulder, with the neckline acting as key support. A break below the neckline confirms a bearish reversal.

  2. How do you identify the Head and Shoulders pattern?

    The pattern is identified by three peaks: the left shoulder (a rise and fall), the head (a higher peak), and the right shoulder (a peak lower than the head). A neckline connects the lows between these peaks, and the pattern is confirmed when the price breaks below the neckline.

  3. What is the Head and Shoulders pattern target?

    The Head and Shoulders pattern target is estimated by measuring the vertical distance from the top of the head to the neckline. This distance is then projected downward from the breakout point to set a target price.

  4. Can the Head and Shoulders pattern be used in all markets?

    Yes, the Head and Shoulders chart pattern can be used across various markets, including stocks, forex, commodities, and cryptocurrencies. It’s most effective on higher timeframes where the pattern is clear, reducing the chances of false signals.

The Indian stock markets opened strongly on Wednesday, driven by positive global sentiment and a sharp drop in retail inflation. The benchmark indices Nifty 50 and Sensex saw a healthy start, with Nifty 50 crossing the 24,700 mark and the Sensex climbing over 500 points in early trade.

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Source: NSE

Retail Inflation Drops to Multi-Year Low

The rally comes as investors respond positively to April’s consumer inflation data, which showed India’s retail inflation cooling to 3.16% — its lowest level since July 2019. This sharp fall was mainly due to easing food inflation, particularly a contraction in vegetable prices.

At 7:50 am, the GIFT Nifty was trading nearly 100 points, or 0.4%, higher, hinting at a green start for the frontline indices. Source: Moneycontrol

Global Sentiment Lifts Investor Confidence

Global cues also supported sentiment. Overnight in the U.S., stock indices surged after inflation data came in softer than expected. The S&P 500 rose 0.72%, and the Nasdaq Composite gained 1.61%, easing U.S.-China trade tensions added to investor optimism. However, the Dow Jones Industrial Average slipped 0.64%, dragged down by UnitedHealth after the company withdrew its annual forecast and its CEO stepped down. Source: Moneycontrol

Asian Markets Remain Cautious

Asian markets opened cautiously, trading in narrow ranges as investors sought direction after U.S. benchmarks erased their 2025 losses. The recent softness in inflation and improved trade sentiment appear to have relieved global investors. Source: Moneycontrol

Indian Stock Market Fell Sharply on Tuesday

After delivering their biggest single-day rally in four years on Monday, May 12, with both the Sensex and Nifty 50 surging nearly 4%, Indian benchmark indices reversed course on Tuesday, May 13, amid mixed global and domestic cues.

Monday’s rally was driven by a wave of positive developments, including a ceasefire between India and Pakistan and optimism around a potential US-China trade deal, which significantly boosted investor sentiment. However, this momentum proved short-lived. On Tuesday, the markets saw a sharp correction. The Sensex plunged 1,386 points (1.7%) during the session to hit an intraday low of 81,043.69, while the Nifty 50 dropped 377 points (1.5%) to an intraday low of 24,547.50.

image

Source: BSE

Interestingly, mid and small-cap stocks showed resilience. The BSE Midcap index edged up 0.17%, and the Smallcap index rose 0.99%, outperforming the large-cap-heavy benchmarks.

The total market capitalisation of all BSE-listed companies dropped from ₹432.56 lakh crore to ₹431 lakh crore, wiping out nearly ₹1.5 lakh crore in investor wealth in a single session. Source: LiveMint

Why Did the Indian Stock Market Fall?

According to market experts, the steep correction can be attributed to five major factors:

1. Tariff Tensions Resurface

India has approached the World Trade Organization (WTO) seeking permission to impose retaliatory tariffs on the US, following lingering disputes over US duties on steel and aluminium during Donald Trump’s presidency.

This development has rekindled trade war fears, reminding investors that geopolitical and trade risks are far from over, despite ongoing bilateral negotiations.

2. Profit Booking After a Sharp Rally

The Indian stock markets had surged nearly 4% in the previous session, largely driven by short-covering and retail investor activity, following a temporary easing of tensions between India and Pakistan. Experts suggest that institutional participation in the rally was limited. The sharp surge in Nifty was not led by institutional activity. FII and DII buying was only ₹2,694 crore, indicating it was largely HNIs and retail-driven, and such rallies are often short-lived.

This sharp uptick led to profit-booking, especially by retail investors, contributing to Tuesday’s market slide.

3. US-China Trade Deal Concerns

While a trade deal between the US and China may be positive globally, some Indian market experts see it as a potential negative for India. There are concerns that a resolution between the two largest economies may shift foreign investment flows back to China, reviving the ‘sell India, buy China’ narrative.

4. Persistent Indo-Pak Tensions

Despite a brief easing of tensions, concerns over the India-Pakistan situation still affect market sentiment. After Prime Minister Narendra Modi issued a strong warning to Pakistan in his address on Monday, fears of possible retaliation returned.

Investor anxiety grew further after reports of 10–12 drones being intercepted in Samba, leading to a blackout in parts of Jammu for the fourth night in a row. This ongoing geopolitical tension continues to impact investor confidence.

5. Lack of Fresh Market Catalysts

Markets currently lack new domestic triggers to sustain an uptrend. The positive outlook for India’s economy and the anticipated Q1FY26 earnings rebound appear already priced in. This has prompted retail investors to shift their focus toward mid- and small-cap stocks in search of better returns. Source: LiveMint

Despite the correction, technical indicators suggest that the overall market structure remains strong. Analysts believe that the uptrend may remain intact if Nifty holds above 24,400.

Market analysts suggest that recent declines in the market may be seen as opportunities for investment, as some investors are choosing to buy during these lower points. The current level of resistance is identified between 24,800 and 25,000. A solid closure above this range might lead to renewed buying interest and push the market toward 25,200 to 25,300. On the other hand, if the market falls below 24,500, it could result in some investors taking profits, which may create another opportunity for entry near 24,370. Source: Moneycontrol

India’s retail inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), eased to 3.16% in April 2025, marking its lowest level since July 2019. This decline from 3.34% in March 2025 is primarily attributed to a significant drop in food prices, especially vegetables, cereals, and pulses.

Understanding the Decline

Food Prices Lead the Way

The most notable contributor to this decline is the sharp reduction in food inflation, which fell to 1.78% in April from 2.69% in March. Vegetable prices plummeted by nearly 11% year-on-year, marking a significant relief for consumers.

Rural vs. Urban Inflation

Rural inflation decreased to 2.92% in April from 3.25% in March, while urban inflation slightly dipped to 3.36% from 3.43%. The rural Consumer Food Price Index (CFPI) declined more, dropping to 1.85% from 2.82%.

Core Inflation Remains Stable

Core inflation, which excludes volatile food and fuel prices, remained steady at around 4.1%. This stability indicates that the broader economy is not experiencing significant price pressures beyond the food sector.

Implications for Markets and Businesses

Monetary Policy Easing

With inflation well below the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) target of 4%, there is increased room for monetary policy easing. The RBI has already reduced key interest rates by 50 basis points in two tranches and may consider further cuts to stimulate economic growth.

Boost to Consumer Spending

Lower inflation enhances consumers’ purchasing power, potentially leading to increased spending. This uptick in consumption can drive demand across various sectors, benefiting businesses and contributing to economic growth.

Impact on Investment and Equity Markets

The prospect of lower interest rates and increased consumer spending creates a favorable environment for investment. Equity markets may respond positively, with sectors like consumer goods, real estate, and automobiles likely to benefit from the improved economic outlook.

Advantages of Inflation Falling to 3.16%

1. Boost to Real Incomes & Consumption Growth

Real income = Nominal income—inflation. When inflation falls, real incomes rise even if salaries remain constant. According to the RBI’s household consumer confidence survey (March 2025), the Future Expectations Index rose by 4.2% as inflation expectations eased. 

Implication: With food inflation at just 1.78%, essentials like vegetables (-11% YoY) and cereals (+1.01%) became cheaper, directly improving disposable incomes, especially in rural areas.

cpi inflation trend
Source: RBI Archives & MOSPI

2. Room for Further Monetary Easing

A CPI of 3.16% is well below the RBI’s 4% midpoint target. The RBI’s monetary policy framework considers 2–6% as the tolerance band. With core inflation steady at ~4.1%, there’s space for another 25–50 bps rate cut in FY26. Lower repo rates reduce EMIs and borrowing costs, stimulating capex, especially in interest-sensitive sectors like auto, housing, and MSMEs.

3. Cost Stability for Businesses

Input costs stabilize as fuel and transportation inflation declines. Diesel prices have remained flat YoY (source: PPAC India), and wholesale inflation is negative (-0.53% in April 2025). Sectors like logistics, aviation, manufacturing, and FMCG gain margin improvements. 

4. Improved Fiscal Deficit Management

The government’s subsidy burden, especially for food and fuel, drops with low inflation. According to Budget analysts, the food subsidy bill for FY26 could be reduced by ₹25,000 crore. That helps the Centre reach its 5.1% fiscal deficit target (BE 2025–26). 

Source: MOSPI & Free Press Journal Report

Disadvantages of a Sharp Inflation Fall

1. Risks of Disinflation or Deflation

A prolonged drop below 3% could push India towards disinflation, a signal of slowing demand. Japan’s economic stagnation in the 1990s was driven partly by persistent low inflation. Services inflation (e.g., education, healthcare, transport) must remain firm to prevent a deflationary loop. 

2. Pressure on Savings and Investment Returns

Real returns on savings accounts and FDs shrink when inflation is too low and interest rates are cut. For example, with inflation at 3.16% and the average 1-year FD rate at 6.6% (as per RBI), the real return is ~3.4%, not enough to attract long-term investors. Equity market exuberance could face volatility if earnings growth slows down.  

3. Farm Incomes Could Suffer

While urban consumers benefit from lower food prices, rural producers suffer revenue losses. For instance, onion farmers in Maharashtra faced a 20–30% dip in mandi prices in April. If MSP hikes remain muted due to low inflation, rural consumption could weaken in H2FY26.

4. Muted Tax Revenues

  • Lower nominal GDP growth due to lower inflation compresses indirect tax collections. 
  • In April 2025, GST collections were ₹1.63 lakh crore, just 6% higher YoY,  the slowest pace in 10 months. 
  • Fiscal risk: This affects capex-heavy schemes like PM Gati Shakti, rural infra, etc.

The Way Forward: What Should Policymakers and Businesses Do?

A. RBI’s Balanced Policy Approach

While inflation is easing, the RBI may avoid aggressive cuts due to global uncertainty (e.g., the US Fed’s cautious tone and El Niño risks). Targeting growth-supportive but inflation-aware policy,  keeping the real interest rate (repo rate – inflation) in the 1–1.5% band, will be crucial. 

repo vs cpi apr2025
Source: RBI Policy Statement & Statista

B. Reviving Rural Demand

The government must ensure MSP support and input subsidies (fertilizer, diesel) remain adequate to protect farmers. Expanding rural jobs under MGNREGA can act as a cushion if agri incomes fall further due to soft prices. 

C. Support for Rate-Sensitive Sectors

With policy easing likely, NBFCs, autos, and affordable housing can benefit, provided regulatory frameworks stay stable. For example, NBFC credit growth was 14.2% in FY25 (RBI data); with lower cost of funds, FY26 can see it touch 16–18%. 

D. Capitalize on Global Stability

India’s inflation control gives it macroeconomic stability compared to China (CPI at 0.3% YoY in April 2025) and the US (CPI at 3.4%). This strengthens India’s pitch for global investments amidst fragile EM currencies.

Monday, 12 May, was a notable rally for Fusion Finance, as its stock price climbed over 8% in recent trading sessions. This was following the successful completion of the Warburg Pincus-backed NBFC’s ₹800 crore rights issue. The response to the offering was overwhelming, with the issue being oversubscribed by 1.5 times, indicating strong investor faith in the company’s future, especially when the microfinance sector is regaining its growth momentum.  Source: Economic Times

So, what does this event imply, why have the markets responded positively, and what existing and potential investors should take away from it? Let’s break it down. 

What Is a Rights Issue and Why Did Fusion Opt for It?

A rights issue is a mechanism through which companies raise funds by offering additional shares to existing shareholders, typically at a discounted price. Fusion Finance priced its issue at ₹270 per share, considerably below the market price at the time of announcement. 

The company stated that the fresh capital will help fortify its balance sheet, allowing it to tap into new opportunities and sustain long-term value creation for its stakeholders. The amount raised is also set to be used to improve Fusion’s Tier-1 capital and support loan growth in underserved rural areas. The funds will also boost Fusion’s capital adequacy ratio, reinforcing its standing as one of the best-capitalized microfinance institutions in India. Fusion Finance is also actively strengthening its leadership team.
Source: LiveMint 

In its stock exchange filing, Fusion Finance announced that the rights issue, launched on April 15, 2025, received strong support from institutional investors (including promoter Honey Rose Investment Ltd  – an affiliate of Warburg Pincus LLC, and Creation Investments Fusion LLC). On Monday, shares of the Delhi-based non-banking finance company rose 8.37% intraday, touching ₹166.

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Source: NSE India

The rights issue offered up to 6.11 crore partially paid-up equity shares at ₹131 each (including a ₹121 premium), raising a total of ₹799.86 crore. According to the company’s May 12 disclosure, the funds will enhance capital adequacy and reinforce its standing in India’s highly competitive microfinance landscape.

Why the Timing Matters

Fusion Micro Finance’s capital raise through its rights issue—oversubscribed by a significant 150%—comes at a strategically opportune moment. The microfinance sector is currently witnessing a healthy rebound, recovering from the pandemic-era disruptions that put immense pressure on borrower repayments and liquidity flows. This resurgence in sectoral confidence has coincided perfectly with Fusion’s need to strengthen its capital base.

The ₹488-crore rights issue does more than just shore up financials—it sends a strong signal of investor trust, which is crucial in a segment as sentiment-driven as microfinance. With fresh capital, Fusion is now well-positioned to scale its operations, particularly in underpenetrated Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities, where demand for microloans is rising amid economic normalization.

Moreover, this timely infusion significantly boosts Fusion’s capital adequacy ratio, enhancing its credibility with regulators like the RBI. A stronger capital base also opens the door for higher lending thresholds, allowing Fusion to deepen its market presence and diversify its borrower base. The capital raise is not just about balance sheet strength—it’s a calculated move to leverage macro tailwinds and gain a competitive edge in a growing market. Source: LiveMint

Financial Performance and Business Outlook

As of December 31, 2024, the company reported an Asset Under Management (AUM) of ₹10,599.37 crore and operated through 1,506 branches spanning 22 states and three union territories. Founded in 2010, Fusion Finance caters to around 3.66 million clients, mainly underserved and unserved women entrepreneurs in rural India. Its focus on small-ticket loans to self-employed women creates a niche that remains underpenetrated by larger NBFCs and banks.

IIFL Capital Services Limited acted as the lead manager for the issue, CRISIL Ratings Limited served as the monitoring agency, and Axis Bank Limited was appointed as the banker. Source: Business Line

Conclusion:

Fusion Finance’s successful rights issue and the subsequent 7% surge in its share price reflect robust interest from both institutional and retail investors. With its capital structure now reinforced, Fusion is better equipped to pursue its rural and semi-urban expansion plans, particularly when microfinance demand is steadily climbing in India’s hinterlands.

While challenges such as credit risk management and regulatory oversight remain integral to the company’s long-term trajectory, its current momentum highlights its evolving role in India’s broader financial inclusion landscape. As Fusion channels fresh capital into grassroots lending and builds deeper penetration into underserved geographies, it represents a notable case study in the ongoing transformation of the country’s financial services ecosystem.

FAQs

  1. What is a rights issue, and how is it different from an IPO?

    A rights issue allows existing shareholders to buy additional shares at a discounted price. Unlike an IPO, it does not involve offering shares to the public for the first time.

  2. How did Fusion Finance’s share price react after the rights issue?

    The share price surged over 8% after the rights issue closed, largely driven by strong institutional participation and the 1.5x oversubscription. This indicated renewed market interest and confidence in the company’s growth direction. Market participants often respond positively to successful fundraises, especially when they enhance a company’s capital strength and operational capacity.

  3. Why was the Fusion rights issue oversubscribed?

    Fusion priced its rights issue at ₹270, making it attractive for existing shareholders. The company’s improving fundamentals and strategic growth plans helped generate demand 1.5 times more than offered.

  4. What will the company do with the ₹800 crore it raised?

    The funds will enhance capital adequacy and support lending operations in rural and semi-urban areas, in line with Fusion’s mission to promote financial inclusion.

  5. How is Fusion currently performing?

    As of Q3 FY24, Fusion’s AUM stood at ₹10,800 crore, showing a 38% YoY growth. It operates over 1,000 branches across 20 Indian states and serves about 3 million customers.

In the fast-paced world of financial markets, volatility is often the only constant. On May 8, 2025, a convergence of geopolitical events, including renewed Indo-Pakistan military tensions and escalating global tariff conflicts, created a turbulence trifecta that impacted markets across India and Asia. From a sharp spike in India’s VIX index to fluctuations in gold prices and a surge in Asian currencies, investors were forced to reassess risk and reallocate assets rapidly.

The Indo-Pakistan situation intensified after India carried out a pre-emptive strike across the border in response to a recent terror attack, stirring fears of broader conflict. Meanwhile, U.S. President Trump’s abrupt tariff escalations added another layer of uncertainty, prompting a notable shift in investor behaviour worldwide.

Let’s explore how these key developments impacted market behaviour on multiple fronts. Understanding them in detail can help investors, analysts, and policymakers better anticipate future shifts and take strategic actions.

1. India VIX Surges Amid Renewed Geopolitical Tensions

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Source: www.tradingview.com

The India VIX index, a key barometer of market fear, surged past the psychologically significant level of 20 on May 8, marking an 11 % intraday rise to 21.16. This sharp spike reflects escalating nervousness among investors, triggered largely by mounting geopolitical tensions between India and Pakistan.

At 2:55 PM IST, the Sensex dropped 318.76 points (0.39 %) to 80,428.02, while the Nifty 50 fell 127.70 points (0.52 %) to 24,286.70, despite overall consolidation. Market participants are clearly bracing for a breakout in either direction, with critical support and resistance levels being watched closely. (Source: www.moneycontrol.com)

According to Shrikant Chouhan, Head of Equity Research at Kotak Securities: “Nifty’s next breakout level is 24,500. A move beyond could lead the index toward 24,600 to 24,800. Conversely, a dip below 24,200 could trigger aggressive selling.” (Source: www.moneycontrol.com)

This increased market tension followed India’s pre-emptive military strike across the Pakistan border, an action taken in response to the Pahalgam terror attack. Though analysts believe much of the geopolitical risk had already been priced in, investor sentiment turned defensive.

Still, the market found pockets of optimism in news of progress on India’s Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United Kingdom. The announcement prompted rallies in textiles, chemicals, and the auto sectors. Export-oriented industries benefit most, providing a short-term cushion against broader volatility.

Vinod Nair, Head of Research at Geojit Financial Services, noted:

“The market’s resilience amid cross-border tensions suggests investor confidence in de-escalation. Additionally, developments around the UK FTA are lifting sentiment in export-oriented sectors.” (Source: www.moneycontrol.com)

Looking ahead, traders and institutional players are likely to monitor further geopolitical developments, particularly around the India-Pakistan border, as well as key economic policy announcements that could drive sentiment either way.

2. Gold Prices Defy Global Trends Amid Rupee Weakness

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Source: www.tradingview.com

While global gold prices fell sharply on May 8 following U.S. President Donald Trump’s trade agreement with the UK, domestic gold prices in India increased. On the Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX), June gold futures closed 0.14% higher at ₹96,307 per 10 grams, in sharp contrast to a 2.25% decline in global gold, which traded at $3,309.58 per 10 oz. (Source: www.moneycontrol.com)

Why This Divergence?

The primary driver was currency depreciation. The Indian rupee weakened by 1.04%, marking its steepest one-day drop over three years. As gold is dollar-priced, a weaker rupee inflates the domestic cost of imports, including precious metals.

Navneet Damani, Head of Research (Commodities) at Motilal Oswal, explained:

“Rupee weakness could increase domestic gold prices, especially if geopolitical tensions escalate. Even though global gold has retreated from its all-time highs, local prices remain buoyed by currency movements.” (Source: www.moneycontrol.com)

On May 8, June gold futures traded within a wide 1,942-point range, oscillating between ₹95,381 and ₹97,323. The uncertainty surrounding India’s cross-border conflict led many investors to park funds in gold, a traditional safe haven in times of crisis.(Source: www.moneycontrol.com)

Further contributing to this price movement were reports of Pakistan attempting low-grade drone and missile strikes in Jammu, Pathankot, Akhnoor, and Samba. These events added fuel to an already jittery sentiment.

Gold has long been viewed as a safe-haven asset that offers protection against uncertainty and inflation. Recent events remind us of its dual nature as both a commodity and a store of value, which becomes especially pronounced during times of economic and geopolitical stress.

3. Asian Currency Rally Redraws Wealth Management Landscape

In parallel with India’s domestic developments, Asia is experiencing a seismic shift in currency dynamics. A rally in Asian currencies, led by the Taiwan dollar, yuan, Singapore dollar, and Korean won, is prompting global investors to reconsider exposure to U.S. dollar-denominated assets.

President Trump’s tariff hikes on April 2 triggered a chain reaction. By May 8, the Singapore dollar had risen over 4%, bolstering the country’s position as a wealth management hub. Banks across the region are witnessing increased demand for forex and wealth products. (Source: www.livemint.com)

Tan Su Shan, CEO of DBS Group, said: “Stronger local currencies enhance client purchasing power and boost appetite for diversified financial instruments.” (Source: www.livemint.com)

United Overseas Bank CFO Leong Yung Chee echoed similar optimism: “We expect a pool of wealth to flow into Singapore, driven by favourable currency conditions and robust financial infrastructure.” (Source: www.livemint.com)

In Taiwan, an 8 % jump in currency value rattled the insurance sector, which traditionally invests heavily in U.S. bonds. Analysts like Michael Makdad from Morningstar predict that a prolonged dollar decline could shift investment flows toward local-currency-denominated instruments.

This shift is not limited to institutional investors. Retail clients also show increased interest in regional investments, influenced by better returns and favourable exchange rates. The trend will continue as Asia becomes a leading wealth creation and management hub.

Tailwinds and Headwinds

Although stronger local currencies boost purchasing power and wealth, they pose challenges. Exporters may face competitiveness issues, while companies may need to reassess hedging strategies to deal with increased currency volatility.

Noriaki Masuda of Mitsubishi UFJ Bank observed: “Sharp exchange rate movements may force Japanese firms to diversify beyond standard hedging practices, possibly restructuring business operations or increasing prices.” (Source: www.livemint.com)

This mixed landscape presents both opportunities and risks. While financial institutions are gearing up to capitalise on the influx of capital, manufacturing and export-oriented businesses must manage their cost structures and explore ways to maintain global competitiveness.

A Trifecta Redefining Global Financial Dynamics

May 8 was no ordinary trading day. From a surge in India’s VIX to sharp currency rallies and gold price anomalies, the day encapsulated how interconnected financial variables, geopolitical tensions, macroeconomic shifts, and investor sentiment can rapidly alter market dynamics.

Key Takeaways:

  • India’s volatility index spiked due to the Indo-Pak border conflict, yet key indices remained range-bound.
  • Gold prices in India rose despite global declines, driven by rupee depreciation.
  • Asian currencies strengthened, shifting wealth management and forex strategies toward regional dominance.

Investors, wealth managers, and policy makers must now navigate a more complex financial terrain, where localised tensions can trigger global ripples, and where currency moves can redefine asset allocation for years to come. Staying informed, flexible, and forward-thinking will be essential for making sound decisions in this evolving landscape.

Godfrey Phillips India has seen a steep rise in its stock price in 2025. By May 6th, the share price had reached ₹8,989, marking a 63% increase since the beginning of the year. This movement signals a notable shift in how the market values the company. The rise sets a new record for the stock, reflecting a reassessment of the company’s prospects or current performance. It stands out as a sharp gain over a relatively short span.

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Source: NSE

Outperforming the Market and Sector Peers

While Godfrey Phillips India was scaling new heights, the broader market, represented by the Nifty 50, saw a much more modest increase of just 1% in the same period. More strikingly, some of its main competitors in the tobacco sector, like ITC and VST Industries, experienced declines in their stock values, falling by 12.5% and 20%, respectively. This makes Godfrey Phillips India’s performance even more noteworthy – it wasn’t just riding a general wave of market optimism. 

The stark contrast between Godfrey Phillips India’s 63% gain and the minimal 1% rise of the Nifty 50 strongly suggests that the company’s success is rooted in specific factors unique to its operations or the industry dynamics it navigates. Furthermore, the fact that key competitors like ITC and VST Industries witnessed negative stock performance during the same timeframe underscores the nature of Godfrey Phillips India’s upward trajectory. Source: Economic Times

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Source: Economic Times

Q3 FY25 Financial Results Show Growth

One of the primary drivers for this stock performance appears to be the company’s financial results for the third quarter of the fiscal year 2025, which ended in December 2024. Godfrey Phillips India reported a substantial 28% increase in its revenues, reaching ₹1,896.75 crore compared to the previous year. The company’s net profit soared 87% to ₹332 crore. This significant revenue and net profit jump indicates a marked improvement in the company’s operational efficiency and market traction. 

Key Financial Metrics for Q3 FY25:

  • Revenue: ₹1,591.2 crore (up 27.3% YoY)
  • Net Profit: ₹315.84 crore (up 48.7% YoY)
  • Earnings Per Share (EPS): ₹61.00 (up 49.1% YoY)
  • EBITDA: ₹358.8 crore (up 57.6% YoY)
  • EBITDA Margin: 22.6% (up 440 basis points YoY)

Investors often view such financial performance as a strong indicator of a company’s underlying health and future potential, which can lead to increased demand for its stock. The specific figures of ₹1,896.75 crore in revenue and ₹332 crore in net profit provide evidence of this financial growth.

While some sources might present slightly different figures due to variations in reporting standards or the inclusion/exclusion of specific items like excise duty, the overarching theme across available information points to a strong and profitable quarter for Godfrey Phillips India. Source: Business Standard

Increase in Mutual Fund Holdings

According to publicly available shareholding data, mutual fund holdings in Godfrey Phillips India increased from 1.8% in December 2024 to 3% by March 2025. This rise in institutional investment reflects a change in portfolio allocation during that period. Over a longer timeframe, from June 2024 to March 2025, mutual fund ownership in the company has shown a steady upward trend.

Business Overview and Brand Portfolio

Godfrey Phillips India is a key player in India’s fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. It operates under the umbrella of Modi Enterprises and boasts a portfolio of well-known cigarette brands, including Four Square, Red and White, Cavanders, Tipper, and North Pole. Additionally, the company has a significant agreement with Philip Morris to manufacture and distribute the globally recognized Marlboro brand within India. This strong brand presence in the market provides a solid foundation for its business. 

Godfrey Phillips India owns and markets several established cigarette brands such as Four Square, Red and White, Cavanders, Tipper, and North Pole. The company also manufactures and distributes Marlboro in India under a licensing agreement with Philip Morris. This partnership allows the company to operate with a globally recognized brand alongside its domestic portfolio.

Revenue Growth vs. Competitors

When we compare Godfrey Phillips India to its peers, the difference in performance becomes even clearer. While Godfrey Phillips India is smaller than ITC—its revenue is about 21% of ITC’s cigarettes business—it demonstrated much stronger quarterly revenue growth of nearly 15% in December 2024. In contrast, ITC’s quarterly revenue growth in cigarettes manufacturing was almost flat at just 0.8%. 

Even when compared to VST Industries, which is smaller than Godfrey Phillips with a revenue size of about 25%, Godfrey Phillips India showed stronger momentum. Although VST Industries reported a 2% rise in revenue in December 2024, its numbers fell by 4% every quarter in March 2025. This indicates that Godfrey Phillips India has been outperforming its main competitors in growth. 

Despite ITC’s dominant market share in the Indian cigarette market, Godfrey Phillips India’s revenue growth suggests it might effectively capture market opportunities or operate with greater agility. The contrasting performance with VST Industries further emphasizes Godfrey Phillips India’s strong position within the competitive landscape. Source: TobaccoTactics.org

Management and Governance

Following the passing of founder KK Modi in 2019, Godfrey Phillips India experienced internal disputes regarding ownership. These issues were addressed when Bina Modi assumed leadership, maintaining control over the company. In August 2024, Samir Modi was removed from the board, and Charu Modi was appointed executive director. Subsequently, in September, shareholders approved the re-appointment of Bina Modi as the managing director with 86.6% of the votes.

Bina Modi has publicly stated her commitment to preserving her husband’s legacy and has ruled out the possibility of selling the company to resolve family disputes. Source: Economic Times

Conclusion

Godfrey Phillips India’s stock performance in 2025, along with its financial results and institutional investment changes, provides insights into the company’s operations and market position. The company’s activities in the FMCG sector, particularly in tobacco products, and its management decisions have been notable during this period.

For most of us, dreams are brewed over chai and gupshup in the office canteen, right? They’d often begin with: “Guys, let’s do something big!” But the idea would fizzle out by the weekend. 

But for four young professionals who bonded over their love for superheroes, anime, Hogwarts, and everything fandom, the spark didn’t die out. What started as banter about overpriced merchandise and a lack of cool collectibles soon turned into a mission: to build India’s ultimate pop culture destination. 

Read on to know how a conversation led to creating a brand and not just a platform, but a community that garnered ₹360 crore in business in 2024-25.

Story of Souled Store Storytelling 00 02

In A Canteen and a Dream

In 2013, Vedang Patel, Rohin Samtaney, Aditya Sharma, and Harsh Lal were busy and doing well with their 9-to-5 jobs. But only on paper, as they dreaded every Monday with one thought creeping in: ‘Kuch achha karna hai!’  
It was during one such canteen chat in Tres Vista, where a dream began as a joke when they talked about work, life, and their love for Star Wars and pop culture.

Story of Souled Store Storytelling 00 03

Binding Four Lives – Pop Culture

One question that popped up louder than the rest in every conversation: Why is it so hard to find cool, affordable, original fan merchandise in India? 

The solution? Building a brand that connected with sci-fi nerds, comic book geeks, or superhero junkies on a deeper, more personal level. That’s how the Souled Store was born with ₹5 lakh and a shared vision. 

First, with ₹25,000, they launched the website. Aditya bought the first batch of T-shirts himself and stored them in his cupboard. The Souled Store was launched in 2013.

Story of Souled Store Storytelling 00 04

The Fantastic Four

The Souled Store sold 100 T-shirts in the first week, but just five in the second. The team doubled down, running ads, improving SEO, and creating content that fans could relate to.

They cold-emailed everyone, from Disney and Warner Bros. to AIB.
Their first breakthrough came when Tanmay Bhat from AIB responded and partnered with them for brand promotions.

Bit by bit, the buzz grew—fueled by word of mouth—until it finally reached Warner Bros., and The Souled Store landed its first official license: F.R.I.E.N.D.S. and The Big Bang Theory merchandise.

Story of Souled Store Storytelling 00 05

A Different League In A Big Market

The Souled Store wasn’t aiming to be just another brand—they wanted to be the brand. The first step? Design.
Instead of following preset design templates like most licensed brands,

The Souled Store created original, quirky, and expressive designs from scratch, injecting personality into every T-shirt. 

This creative edge opened doors to bigger licenses, Harry Potter, The Lord of the Rings, Disney, WWE, and more from Warner Bros.

Story of Souled Store Storytelling 00 06

The Soul Of The Brand

The Souled Store was never just about selling merchandise; it was about creating an unforgettable customer experience. Every detail spoke volumes.

A Star Wars tee wasn’t just a product; it came with a Jedi-style message, and a Hogwarts tee included a personalized acceptance letter.

The Souled Store didn’t compete by slashing prices; it stood out. Its website conversion rate far surpassed the industry average.

Customers came for the fandom but stayed for the quality. By 2018, without a rupee of external funding, The Souled Store had crossed ₹30 crore in revenue.

Story of Souled Store Storytelling 00 07

When Funds Poured In – Expansion

Although the company was profitable, it needed external funding to expand. They hired a banker to help them raise money and plan an approach.

As the brand was among the few businesses that profited from an online model, proposals for funding started pouring in soon after.

Out of the three received, the company joined hands with RPSG for a funding of ₹10 crore in 2018, the first external funding for Souled Store.

Story of Souled Store Storytelling 00 08

The Speed Breaker – Pandemic

2020 arrived with a long-standing lockdown, uncertainty, and a halt in progress. With just ₹50-70 lakh in reserve, the business paused for 45-60 days as the lockdown stretched on.

But when it lifted, demand surged.
As many shifted to work-from-home, people favored comfortable casuals over formal wear.

The Souled Store became one of the few businesses to profit during the pandemic, not through deep discounts or burning cash, but with great products loved by fans.

Story of Souled Store Storytelling 00 09

Investors’ Confidence

After getting its first funding in 2018, The Souled Store grew and caught more investor attention. In 2021, they raised around ₹70–75 crore from Elevation.

This helped them go big on marketing—with TV ads, influencer campaigns, and fun, quirky videos, which boosted their growth by another 60–70%.

In 2023, they raised ₹135 crore from Xponentia Capital, pushing their run rate to ₹300+ crore and reaching ₹380 crore in revenue for FY24. 

By then, repeat customers accounted for 75% of sales, with a 200% annual repeat purchase rate. But the standout statistic is that 90% of all sales happened directly on their online platform.

Story of Souled Store Storytelling 00 10

Screamed Strength

From its first physical store in Bandra to 27 locations today, from ₹30 crore in revenue to ₹360.2 crore in 2023-24, and from no external funding to a valuation of ₹817 crore in the September 2024 funding round, The Souled Store has come a long way.

 
What started with one funding source is now planning for an IPO, and what began as a niche brand in the Indian market has grown to stand firm in a sea of over 700 competitors. 

From clothes to quirky shoes, perfumes, kidswear, and even undergarments, every product carries The Souled Store’s signature style and commitment to local. It follows the ‘Make in India’ principle.

Story of Souled Store Storytelling 00 11

Culture, Community & Conscious Growth

For The Souled Store, scale has never meant losing soul.
Alongside its expansion, the brand embraces sustainability, partnering with WFA and Goonj to weave eco-consciousness into every drop.

And for the fans? The merch drops just keep coming. From Naruto and Captain America to Gossip Girl and Gilmore Girls, every launch taps into a pop culture pulse that runs deep.

Because this isn’t just fashion, it’s a feeling. A community. A movement where the soul of a fan finds their home.

Story of Souled Store Storytelling 00 12

Entering Beast Mode – The Next Chapter:

After over a decade of redefining fan fashion, The Souled Store is gearing up for its next big leap. With the recent acquisition of Redwolf, the brand plans to raise ₹150-200 crore by July to triple its store sizes and enter the Gulf market. 

They aim to dramatically scale their offline presence in the next 12 months, expanding into new geographies and larger formats.

But their ambitions don’t stop at retail. The Souled Store is eyeing a ₹2,000 crore IPO in the next 18 months. Bankers are being recruited, strategies refined, and the goal is clear: scale up, elevate brand equity, and take their fandom-first philosophy global.

Frequently asked questions

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What is an Investment Advisory Firm?

An investment advisory firm is a company that helps investors make decisions about buying and selling securities (like stocks) in exchange for a fee. They can advise clients directly or provide advisory reports and other publications about specific securities, such as high growth stock recommendations. Some firms use both methods, like Research & Ranking, India’s leading stock advisory company, specializing in smart investments and long-term stocks since 2015.

An investment advisory firm is a company that helps investors make decisions about buying and selling securities (like stocks) in exchange for a fee. They can advise clients directly or provide advisory reports and other publications about specific securities, such as high growth stock recommendations. Some firms use both methods, like Research & Ranking, India’s leading stock advisory company, specializing in smart investments and long-term stocks since 2015.

An investment advisory firm is a company that helps investors make decisions about buying and selling securities (like stocks) in exchange for a fee. They can advise clients directly or provide advisory reports and other publications about specific securities, such as high growth stock recommendations. Some firms use both methods, like Research & Ranking, India’s leading stock advisory company, specializing in smart investments and long-term stocks since 2015.

An investment advisory firm is a company that helps investors make decisions about buying and selling securities (like stocks) in exchange for a fee. They can advise clients directly or provide advisory reports and other publications about specific securities, such as high growth stock recommendations. Some firms use both methods, like Research & Ranking, India’s leading stock advisory company, specializing in smart investments and long-term stocks since 2015.